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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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<text id=91TT1998>
<title>
Sep. 09, 1991: Clues from Transsexual Rats
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Sep. 09, 1991 Power Vacuum
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
SCIENCE, Page 61
Clues from Transsexual Rats
</hdr><body>
<p> In at least one animal, the laboratory rat, nature seems much
more important than nurture in determining sexual orientation and
behavior. At the University of California, Los Angeles,
neuroendocrinologist Roger Gorski is learning exactly what little
boy rats are made of.
</p>
<p> First of all, they need testosterone and plenty of it
early in life. Gorski and his team have found that if they
castrate rats just after birth, the animals will exhibit
behavior typical of a she-rat with the hots: arching their
backs, flexing their tails and allowing other males to mount
them. But by injecting these neutered males with testosterone,
researchers can return them to maleness. However, such "rescues"
work only during the first five days after birth. At day six,
the castrates are permanent transsexuals. "If these rats could
talk," Gorski speculates, "I think they might say, `I'm a
female. Get me out of this male's body.'"
</p>
<p> Even more intriguing, the UCLA researcher has learned that
sex hormones (or the lack thereof) affect the anatomy of a
rat's brain. Buried deep beneath the cerebral folds, Gorski
discovered a part of the brain that appears to be involved in
regulating sexual behavior and is five times as large in males
as in females. But without testosterone this specialized region
shrinks in castrated subjects. "In rats, sexual behavior is
totally dependent on hormones," concludes Gorski. In humans, he
allows, things are not nearly so simple.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>